Et al meaning reference a book

In citing such papers using the nameanddate system, also known as the harvard system, a long string of names proves awkwardwhich is why most journals recommend the use of et al. Essentially, the second word of the term et al takes on a period et al. It also gives credit to authors you have consulted for their ideas. If citing for the second time list the first author et al. This phrase comes about as an abbreviation of a phrase in latin. Include only the last name of the first author, followed by et al. The term comes from latin and is a shortening for et alii, et aliae or et alia, all literally meaning and the others the ending depends on the gender of the others being referred to. Getting started with ieee referencing ieee referencing. If a reference has more than two authors, give only the. A quick summary of these and several other common latin abbreviations that are sometimes misunderstood 1. It is used in intext citations where there are 3 or more.

For example, 1 is a paper by x, y and z, and 2 is a paper by x, a and b. Even if you dont speak latin, you should know the two meanings of et al. If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. Reference book meaning in the cambridge english dictionary. Database information is seldom provided in reference list entries. It is usually styled with a period, but you will occasionally see et al as well. An abbreviation for the latin et sequentes or et sequentia, meaning and the following. Its mainly used by academic writers when they cite other authors work in a paper or article. In this case, only cite the first authors surname followed by et al. For references with three to five authors, list all the authors in the first citation of. For example, the first time rasmussen, hopkins, and fitzpatrick 2004 is used, the source is cited like this. It is typically used in bibliographical entries and citations, especially when citing a source with a lengthy list of authors.

A book, such as a dictionary or encyclopedia, to which one can refer for authoritative information. There is a similar question about harvard references. The word atlas was first used as the title of a book by gerardus mercator in 1585. It is used in intext citations where there are 3 or more authors. The phrase et al in a bibliography or other citation simply means and others. So, a book by john smith, sam jones, jane green and tom brown. To explore this concept, consider the following et al definition. If the reference has more than 2 authors, use the first authors surname followed by et al o smith1 reported o smith and johnson2 reported o smith et al3 reported unpublished works and personal communications should be included parenthetically, but not in the reference list.

When used in citing a reference it often means there are multiple authors of the work cited and the citation is for the first author and. Reference book definition of reference book by merriam. Each subsequent mention you will abbreviate to just the first surname followed by et al. School districts have used communities of practice to encourage reflection in planning committees allard et al. This is an abbreviation of the latin phrase et alii, meaning and others. It is used to shorten lists of author names in text citations to make. The comma tells your reader that the name anne is out of normal position and that the abbreviation attaches to the full name, not just to anne.

If youre citing multiple works with similar groups of authors, and the shortened et al citation form of each source would be the same, youll need to avoid ambiguity by writing out more names. Only when a work has six or more authors should the first intext citation consist of the first author followed by et al. Et alii definition of et alii by the free dictionary. The same author rules apply to all source media including books, print periodicals. Reference list apa 6th referencing style guide library. You might also be interested in reading this informative article about using et al. Atlas, dictionary, directory, encyclopedia, handbook, thesaurus, or any other work designed to be used in finding specific items of information, rather than for cover to cover reading. A reference list lists only the sources you refer to in your writing the purpose of the reference list is to allow your sources to be be found by your reader.

When should i include the edition in an apa book citation. When you buy a book at a bookstore or order a copy off. How to use et al and list authors in cited reference lists. Et al means and others or it can mean and elsewhere. Follow the same general format for a print book, but add the url and accessed date at the end of the reference. If there has already been a citation for this source in a paragraph, omit the year of publication. Authored by four usg faculty members with advance degrees in the arts, this textbooks offers uptodate original scholarship. But it can also be an abbreviation for et alii masculine plural, or et aliae feminine plural. Social acceptance of carbon capture and storage is necessary for the introduction of technologies van alphen et al.

Reference book definition of reference book by the free. Recently there have been several calls for the use of mixed method designs in implementation research proctor et al. Include only the first authors last name, followed by et al. Reference book definition, a book containing useful facts or specially organized information, as an encyclopedia, dictionary, atlas, yearbook, etc. A less common variant on et cetera and the rest used at the end of a list of locations to denote unenumeratedomitted ones. On subsequent references to that source, use the first authors last name in the signal phrase or parentheses followed by et al. Alternatively, you could say and others same as you would say for example when reading aloud the e. But i am interested in cases where only the reference number is shown in text. Note that this guideline is a change from apa 6 guidelines on using et al.

If the work has four or more authorseditors the abbreviation et al. With five or fewer authors, all the author surnames should be spelled out at. A book of information about people who are well known in a particular field. Do not use a comma before et al always use a period after al.

Sometimes, however, space issues limit the recognition you give to the authors of your sources. It is used to shorten lists of author names in text citations to make repeated referencing shorter and simpler. Used similarly to et cetera and the rest to denote names that, usually for the sake of space, are unenumeratedomitted. Sep 11, 2018 in mla style, a comma is generally only used before et al. Design, context, and meaning offers a comprehensive introduction to the world of art. The reference provides readers with the details they will need to perform a search themselves if they want to read the workin most cases, writers do not need to explain the path they personally used. If the reference is for an entire book, the information on the chapter title and page numbers is not included for all reference entries, list all authors if six or less, otherwise list first three followed by et al. With three, four, and five authors, you will cite all of the authors at first mention. Academic writing is full of little conventions that may seem opaque to the uninitiated.

When read aloud, you pronounce the full term et alii or et alia same as you would say et cetera when reading aloud the etc. This is similar to idem, literally meaning the same, abbreviated id. This has been precipitated by the realization that the challenges of implementing evidencebased and other innovative practices, treatments, interventions and programs are sufficiently complex. In a footnote citing a book with several authors, the first author is listed, followed by the words et al. Just like three little pigs is, not are, my favorite childrens story, and star wars is, not are, my favorite movie. Each citation of a source by allard, goldblatt, kemball, kendrick, millen, and smith should look like this. Where a source document has been written by more than two authors some guidelines say more than three authors then you should replace all but the first author surname with et al. Reference book definition in the cambridge english. In the reference list, however, list all the authors for up to six authors use et al. Latin abbreviations understanding references on reading lists. Despite dire predictions, polar bear populations have actually increased over the past 50 years holden et al. Atlas of the world, rand mcnally atlas of the earths resources.